O problema: As mensagens de emails estavam com os horários incorretos.
Solução: Acertar o timezone no php.ini principal do servidor:
echo 'date.timezone = "America/Sao_Paulo"' >> /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/php/54/etc/php.ini /usr/local/cpanel/bin/install_php_inis
Referências cPanel:
================================================= # grep date.timezone /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/etc/php.ini # grep date.timezone /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/php/54/etc/php.ini # grep date.timezone /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/php/54/etc/roundcube/php.ini =================================================